Vehicle Thermal Management Publications

2021

Cabin Thermal Management Analysis for SuperTruck II Next-Generation Hybrid Electric Truck Design, SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles

A Framework for Characterizing the Ambient Conditions Experienced by Light-Duty Vehicles in the United States, International Journal of Sustainable Transportation

A Framework for Characterizing the Initial Thermal Conditions of Light-Duty Vehicles in Response to Representative Utilization Patterns, Ambient Conditions, and Vehicle Technologies, SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems

2020

Ford AZTECS Vehicle – Thermal Testing; Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, NREL Technical Report

2018

Total Thermal Management of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). Chowdhury, Sourav; Leitzel, Lindsey; Zima, Mark, Santacesaria, Mark, Titov, Gene; Lustbader, Jason; Rugh, John; Winkler, Jon; Khawaja, Aamir; Govindarajalu, Murali. (2018). Presented at the SAE CO2 Reduction for Transportation Systems Conference, 6-8 June 2018, Turin, Italy. 7 pp. SAE Paper No. 2018-37-0026 / NREL/CP-5400-71288.

Range Extension Opportunities While Heating a Battery Electric Vehicle. Meyer, John J.; Lustbader, Jason; Agathocleous, Nicos; Vespa, Antonio; Rugh, John; Titov. Gene. (2018). Presented at WCX 18: SAE World Congress Experience, 10-12 April 2018, Detroit, Michigan. 10 pp. SAE Paper No. 2018-01-0066 / NREL/CP-5400-70769.

Design and Implementation of a Thermal Load Reduction System for a Hyundai Sonata PHEV for Improved Range. Kreutzer, Cory; Rugh, John; Scott, Matthew; Gallagher, James. (2018). Presented at WCX 18: SAE World Congress Experience, 10-12 April 2018, Detroit, Michigan. SAE Paper No. 2018-01-1186 / NREL/CP-5400-70656.

2017

Impact of Active Climate Control Seats on Energy Use, Fuel Use, and CO₂ Emissions. Kreutzer, Cory; Rugh, John P.; Titov, Gene; Kekelia, Bidzina. (2017). Presented at SAE 2017 Thermal Management Systems Symposium, 10-12 October 2017, Plymouth, Michigan. 25 pp. NREL/PR-5400-69119.

Performance Evaluation of a Thermal Load Reduction System in a Hyundai Sonata PHEV. Kreutzer, Cory; Rugh, John P.; Titov, Gene; Gallagher, James; Scott, Matthew. (2017). Presented at SAE 2017 Thermal Management Systems Symposium, 10-12 October 2017, Plymouth, Michigan. 25 pp. NREL/PR-5400-69118.

U.S. Light-duty Vehicle Air Conditioning Fuel Use and the Impact of Four Solar/Thermal Control Technologies. Kreutzer, Cory; Kekelia, Bidzina; Rugh, John P., Titov, Gene. (2017). Presented at SAE 2017 Thermal Management Systems Symposium, 10-12 October 2017, Plymouth, Michigan. 45 pp. NREL/PR-5400-69047.

Thermal Load Reduction System Development in a Hyundai Sonata PHEV. Kreutzer, Cory J.; Rugh, John; Tomerlin, Jeff. (2017). Presented at WCX17: SAE World Congress Experience, 4-6 April 2017, Detroit, Michigan.) 8 pp. SAE Technical Paper No. 2017-01-0186. NREL/CP-5400-67730.

Modeling Control Strategies and Range Impacts for Electric Vehicle Integrated Thermal Management Systems with MATLAB/Simulink. Titov, Gene; Lustbader, Jason Aaron. (2017). Presented at WCX17: SAE World Congress Experience, 4-6 April 2017, Detroit, Michigan. 11 pp. SAE Technical Paper No. 2017-01-0191. NREL/CP-5400-67672.

2016

MATLAB/Simulink Framework for Modeling Complex Coolant Flow Configurations of Advanced Automotive Thermal Management Systems. Titov, Eugene; Lustbader, Jason; Leighton, Daniel; Kiss, Tibor. (2016). Presented at the SAE 2016 World Congress & Exhibition, 12-14 April 2016, Detroit, Michigan. 8 pp. Paper No. 2016-01-0230. See NREL/CP-5400-65441 for preprint

Climate Control Load Reduction Strategies for Electric Drive Vehicles in Cold Weather. Jeffers, Matthew A.; Chaney, Larry; Rugh, John P. (2016). SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems Vol. 9 (1) April 2016, pp. 75-82. External Note: See NREL/CP-5400-65439 for preprint.

Long-Haul Truck Sleeper Heating Load Reduction Package for Rest Period Idling: Preprint. Lustbader, J.; Kekelia, B.; Tomerlin, J.; Kreutzer, C.; Adelman, S.; Yeakel, S.; Luo, A.; Zehme, J. (2016). SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 9(2):2016 (Presented at the SAE 2016 World Congress & Exhibition, 1214 April 2016, Detroit, Michigan.) 6 pp.; NREL/CP-5400-65442 (March 2016).

MATLAB/Simulink Framework for Modeling Complex Coolant Flow Configurations of Advanced Automotive Thermal Management Systems: Preprint. Titov, E.; Lustbader, J.; Leighton, D.; Kiss, T. (2016). SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0230. (Presented at the SAE 2016 World Congress & Exhibition, 1214 April 2016, Detroit, Michigan.) 10 pp.; NREL CP-5400-65441 (March 2016).

Climate Control Load Reduction Strategies for Electric Drive Vehicles in Cold Weather: Preprint. Jeffers, M.; Chaney, L.; Rugh, J.P. (2016). SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 9(1):75-82. (Presented at the SAE 2016 World Congress & Exhibition, 1214 April 2016, Detroit, Michigan.) 9 pp.; NREL CP-5400-65439 (March 2016).

2015

Climate Control Load Reduction Strategies for Electric Drive Vehicles in Warm Weather. Jeffers, M. A.; Chaney, L.; Rugh, J. P. (2015). Presented at the SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition, 21-23 April 2015, Detroit, Michigan. 11 pp. NREL/CP-5400-63551.

Simulating Physiological Response with a Passive Sensor Manikin and an Adaptive Thermal Manikin to Predict Thermal Sensation and Comfort. Hepokoski, Mark; Curran, Allen; Burke, Richard; Rugh, John; Chaney, Larry; Maranville, Clay. (2015). Presented at SAE 20 15 World Congress & Exhibition, 21-23 May 2015, Detroit, Michigan. 5 pp. SAE Technical Paper No. 2015-01-0329 / NREL/CP-5400-70104.

Combined Fluid Loop Thermal Management for Electric Drive Vehicle Range Improvement. Leighton, D. (2015). SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 8(2):711-720. (Presented at the SAE 2015 World Congress and Exhibition, 21-23 April 2015, Detroit, Michigan.) 10 pp.; NREL/CP-5400-63430 (April 2015).

2014

Comparison of the Accuracy and Speed of Transient Mobile A/C System Simulation Models. Kiss, T.; Lustbader, J. SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst.7(2):2014, doi:10.4271/2014-01-0669

Impact of Paint Color on Rest Period Climate Control Loads in Long-Haul Trucks. Lustbader, J.; Kreutzer, C.; Jeffers, M.; Adelman, S.; et al. SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-0680, 2014, doi:10.4271/2014-01-0680

2013

Electric Drive Vehicle Climate Control Load Reduction. Rugh, J.P. In Vehicle and Systems Simulation and Testing 2012 Annual Progress Report. pp. 149-155 (2013).

Electric Vehicle Battery Thermal Issues and Thermal Management Techniques. (Presentation). Rugh, J.P.; Pesaran, A.; Smith, K. Presented at the SAE 2011 Alternative Refrigerant and System Efficiency Symposium, 27-29 September 2011, Scottsdale, Arizona. 40 pp.; NREL Report No. PR-5400-52818 (2013).

Impact of Solar Control PVB Glass on Vehicle Interior Temperatures, Air-Conditioning Capacity, Fuel Consumption, and Vehicle Range. Rugh, J.; Chaney, L.; Ramroth, L.; Venson, T.; Rose, M. (2013). SAE Paper No. 2013-01-0553. Presented at the SAE 2013 World Congress & Exhibition, 16 April 2013, Detroit, Michigan. 11 pp.; NREL Report No. CP-5400-57489 (2013).

Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management Combining Fluid Loops on Electric Drive Vehicles. Rugh, J.P. In Vehicle and Systems Simulation and Testing 2012 Annual Progress Report. pp. 156-164 (2013).

Light Vehicle HVAC Model Development and Validation. Lustbader, J. In Vehicle and Systems Simulation and Testing 2012 Annual Progress Report. pp. 254-260 (2013).

CoolCab Truck Thermal Load & Idle Reduction. Lustbader, J. In Vehicle and Systems Simulation and Testing 2012 Annual Progress Report. pp. 284-291 (2013).

CoolCalc HVAC Tool. Lustbader, J. In Vehicle and Systems Simulation and Testing 2012 Annual Progress Report. pp. 292-298 (2013).

New Automotive Air Conditioning System Simulation Tool Developed in MATLAB/Simulink. Kiss, T.; Chaney, L.; Meyer, J. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems. Vol. 6(2), 2013. (Presented at the SAE 2013 World Congress and Exhibition, 16-18 April 2013, Detroit, Michigan.) 15 pp.; NREL Report No. CP-5400-57488 (July 2013).

2012

Application of Sleeper Cab Thermal Management Technologies to Reduce Idle Climate Control Loads in Long-Haul Trucks. Lustbader, J.A.; Venson, T.; Adelman, S.; Dehart, C.; Yeakel, S.; Castillo, M.S. Presented at the SAE 2012 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress (COMVEC), 2-3 October 2012, Rosemont, Illinois. 9 pp.; NREL Report No. CP-5400-55838 (2012).

NREL Vehicle Testing and Integration Facility (VTIF): Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (RSR); Golden, Colorado (Data). Lustbader, J.; Andreas, A.; NREL Report No. DA-5500-56490 (2012).

2011

PHEV/EV Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management - Development of a KULI Model to Assess Combined Cooling Loops. Rugh, J.P.; Bennion, K.; Brooker, A.; Langewisch, J.; Smith, K.; Meyer, J. [Proceedings of the] Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition, VTMS 10, 15-19 May 2011, Warwickshire, United Kingdom. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Ltd. pp. 649-660; NREL Report No. CP-5400-50821 (2011).

CoolCalc: A Long-Haul Truck Thermal Load Estimation Tool. Lustbader, J.A.; Rugh, J.P.; Rister, B.R.; Venson, T.S. SAE Technical Paper No. 2011-01-0656. Presented at the SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition, 12 April 2011, Detroit, Michigan. 9 pp.; NREL Report No. CP-5400-52452 (2011).

2010

Technology Improvement Pathways to Cost-Effective Vehicle Electrification. Brooker, A.; Thornton, M.; Rugh, J. P. (2010). SAE Paper No. 2010-01-0824. Advanced Hybrid Vehicle Powertrains, 2010: 13 pp. Warrendale, PA: SAE International. For preprint version, see NREL/CP-540-47454.

Ozone and TFA Impacts in North America from Degradation of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), a Potential Greenhouse Gas Replacement. Luecken, Deborah J.; Waterland, Robert L.; Papasavva, Stella; Taddonio, Kristen N.; Hutzell, William T.; Rugh, John P.; Andersen, Stephen E. (2010). Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 44 (1) pp. 343-348. NREL/JA-540-46549.

Proposal for a Vehicle Level Test Procedure to Measure Air Conditioning Fuel Use. Rugh, J.P. [Proceedings] 2010 SAE World Congress and Exhibition, 1315 April 2010, Detroit, Michigan. SAE Paper No. 2010-01-0799. 6 pp.; NREL Report No. CP-540-48290 (2010).

Analysis of Off-Board Powered Thermal Preconditioning in Electric Drive Vehicles. Barnitt, R.A.; Brooker, A.D.; Ramroth, L.; Rugh, J.; Smith, K. A. Preprint. To be presented at the 25th World Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exposition, 5-9 November 2010, Shenzhen, China. 10 pp.; NREL Report No. CP-5400-49252 (2010).

2009

Impact of Sungate EP on PHEV Performance: Results of a Simulated Solar Reflective Glass PHEV Dynamometer Test. Rugh, J. 32 pp.; NREL Report No. TP-540-45908 (2009).

Assessment of Hypothermia Blankets Using an Advanced Thermal Manikin. Rugh, J.P.; Barazanji, K. Preprint. To be presented at the International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics 2009 (ICEE 2009), 2-7 August 2009, Boston, Massachusetts. 8 pp.; NREL Report No. CP-540-45888 (2009).

2008

Vehicle Ancillary Load Reduction Project Close-Out Report: An Overview of the Task and a Compilation of the Research Results. Rugh, J.; Farrington, R.
NREL Report No. TP-540-42454, January 2008.

2007

An Overview of Vehicle Test and Analysis Results from NREL's A/C Fuel Use Reduction Research. Bharathan, D.; Chaney, L.; Farrington, R.; Lustbader, J.; Keyser, M.; and Rugh, J. Presented at the 8th Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference, Nottingham, UK, May 20-24, 2007.

Reduction in Vehicle Temperatures and Fuel Use from Cabin Ventilation, Solar-Reflective Paint, and New Solar-Reflective Glazing. Rugh, J.; Chaney, L.; Lustbader, J.; Meyer, J.; Rustagi, M.; Olson, K.; Kogler, R. Presented at the 2007 SAE World Congress April 16-19, 2007, Detroit, Michigan. SAE Paper No. 2007-01-1194.

2005

Evaluation of Advanced Automotive Seats to Improve Thermal Comfort and Fuel Economy. Lustbader, J. Presented at the Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition, May 2005, Toronto, Canada. SAE paper no. 2005-01-2056.

Predicting Human Thermal Comfort in Automobiles. Rugh, J.; Bharathan, D. Presented at the Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition, May 2005, Toronto, Canada. SAE paper no. 2005-01-2008.

SAE Improved Mobile Air Conditioning Cooperative Research Program. Presented at the Mobile Air Conditioning Summit, March 15-16, 2005, in Sacramento, California, by John Rugh.

Using a Sweating Manikin, Controlled by a Human Physiological Model, to Evaluate Liquid Cooling Garments. Farrington, R.; Rugh, J.; Bharathan, D.; Paul, H.; Bue, G.; Trevino, L. Presented at the International Conference On Environmental Systems July 2005, Rome, Italy. SAE paper no. 2005-01-2971.

2004

Ancillary Load Reduction Task Overview. John Rugh, Desikan Bharathan, Jason Lustbader, Matthew Keyser, August 2004.

Comparison of Indoor Vehicle Thermal Soak Tests to Outdoor Tests. Rugh, J.; Malaney, V. (2004) SAE paper no. 2004-01-1376, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Comparison of Two Mobile A/C LCCP Analyses. Presented at the Alternate Refrigerant Systems Symposium, June 28-July 1, 2004, in Scottsdale, Arizona, by John Rugh.

Heat Generated Cooling Opportunities. Hendricks, T.; Johnson, V.; Keyser, M. (2004) Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Predicting Human Thermal Comfort in a Transient Non-Uniform Thermal Environment. Rugh, J.; Farrington, R.; Bharathan, D.; Vlahinos, A.; Burke, R.; Huizenga, C.; Zhang, H. (2004) European Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 92. The original publication is available at springerlink.com.

Significant Fuel Savings and Emission Reductions by Improving Vehicle Air Conditioning. Paper. Presented at the 15th Annual Earth Technologies Forum and Mobile Air Conditioning Summit, April 15, 2004, by John Rugh, NREL; Valerie Hovland, Mesoscopic Devices; and Stephen Andersen, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Use of a Thermal Manikin to Evaluate Human Thermoregulatory Responses in Transient, Non-Uniform, Thermal Environments. Farrington, R.; Rugh, J.; Bharathan, D.; Burke, R. (2004) SAE paper no. 2004-01-2345, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

2002

Fuel Used for Vehicle Air Conditioning: A State-by-State Thermal Comfort-Based Approach. Johnson, V. (2002) SAE paper no. 2002-01-1957, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Heat Generated Cooling Opportunities in Vehicles. Johnson, V. (2002) SAE paper no. 2002-01-1969, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Integrated Numerical Modeling Process for Evaluating Automobile Climate Control Systems. Rugh, J. (2002) SAE paper no. 2002-01-1956, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

2001

Design and Transient Simulation of Vehicle Air Conditioning Systems. Cullimore, B.; Hendricks, T. (2001) SAE paper no. 2001-01-1692, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Effect of Solar Reflective Glazing on Ford Explorer Climate Control, Fuel Economy, and Emissions. Rugh, J.; Hendricks, T.; Koram, K. (2001) SAE paper no. 2001-01-3077, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

The Impact of Metal-Free Solar Reflective Film on Vehicle Climate Control. Rugh, J.; Farrington, R.; Boettcher, J. (2001) SAE paper no. 2001-01-1721, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Integrated Modeling to Predict Occupant Thermal Comfort. Farrington, R.; Barber, G.; Hendricks, T.; Marion, W.; Markel, T.; McGuffin, R.; Rugh, J. (2001) . Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, presented at the 2001 American Trucking Association Conference.

Optimization of Vehicle Air Conditioning Systems Using Transient Air Conditioning Performance Analysis. Hendricks, T. (2001) SAE paper no. 2001-01-1734, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

2000

Effect of Solar-Reflective Glazing on Fuel Economy, Tailpipe Emissions, and Thermal Comfort. Farrington, R.; Rugh, J.; Barber, G. (2000) SAE paper no. 2000-01-2694, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Innovative Techniques for Decreasing Advanced Vehicle Auxiliary Loads. Rugh, J.; Howard, R.; Farrington, R.; Cuddy, M.; Blake, D. (2000) 2000-01-1562, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

1999

Overview: Auxiliary Load Reduction Fact Sheet

Challenges and Potential Solutions for Reducing Climate Control Loads in Conventional and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Farrington, R.; Anderson, R.; Blake, D.; Burch, S.; Cuddy, M.; Keyser, M.; Rugh, J. (1999). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, presented at the VTMS4.

Bactericidal Activity of Photocatalytic TiO2 Reaction: An Understanding Toward Its Killing Mechanism. Maness, P.-C.; Smolinski, S.; Blake, D.; Huang, Z.; Wolfrum, E.; Jacoby, W. (1999). Applied Environmental Microbiology (65:9); pp. 4094-98.

New Mode of Bactericidal Activity of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst. Huang, Z.; Maness, P.-C.; Blake, D.; Jacoby, W.; Wolfrum, E.; Smolinski, S. (1999). Jourmal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry.

Bibliography of Work on the Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air. (Update Number 3, to January 1999)
Blake, D. (1999). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Application of the Photocatalytic Chemistry of Titanium Dioxide to Disinfection and the Killing of Cancer Cells. Blake, D.; Maness, P.-C.; Huang, Z.; Wolfrum, E.; Huang, J.; Jacoby, W. Separation and Purification Methods (28:1); pp. 1-50.

Challenges and Potential Solutions for Reducing Climate Control Loads in Conventional and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Presented at the VTMS4 Conference on May 26, 1999 in London, UK by Rob Farrington Ph.D., P.E.

Integrated ModelingMay 1999.(subset of several other presentations)

1998

Opportunities to Reduce Vehicle Climate Control Loads. Farrington, R.; Brodt, D.; Burch, S.; Keyser, M. (1998). National Renewable Energy Laboratory, presented at the EVS-15 Conference.

Steady-State Load Reduction (Cabin Air Cleaning): Investigation of the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Low-Level Carbonyl Compounds. Lanning, L. and J.; Anderson, L.; Jacoby, W.; Chornet, N. (1998). Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association (48:10); pp. 979-84.

Mineralization of Bacterial Cell Mass on a Photocatalytic Surface in Air. Jacoby, W.; Maness, P.-C.; Wolfrum, E.; Blake, D.; Fennell, J. (1998). Environmental Science and Technology (32:17); pp. 2650-53.

Photochemical Pollution Control. The Final Report of the Solar Industrial Program Solar Detoxification Project. Blake, D.; Carlson-Boyd, L.; Kissel, G. (1998). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Opportunities to Reduce Vehicle Climate Control Loads. Presented at the EVS-15 Conference in Belgium, 1998 by Rob Farrington Ph.D., P.E.

The Cool Car: Reducing Climate Control Loads in Vehicles. Presented at the MRI Mid-Year Trustees Meeting in 1998 by Rob Farrington Ph.D., P.E.

1996

Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Control of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air. Jacoby, W.; Blake, D.; Fennell, J.; Boulter, J.; Vargo, L.; George, M.; Dolberg, S. (1996). Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association (46:9); pp. 891-98.

Bibliography of Work on the Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air.(Update Number 2, to October 1996)
Blake, D. (1997). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

1995

Photocatalytic Reactor with Flexible Supports. Jacoby, W.; Blake, D. Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, assignee. U.S. (12 September 1995).

Bibliography of Work on the Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air. (Update Number 1, to June 1995)
Blake, D. (1995). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

1994

Bibliography of Work on the Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air. Blake, D. (1994). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

1993

Identification and Quantification of By-Products and Intermediates in the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Gas-Phase Trichloroethylene. Blake, D.; Jacoby, W.; Nimlos, M.; Noble, R. (1993). 6th International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies. M. Macias and M. Sanchez, eds. Madrid, Spain. pp. 1223-31.

1992

Use of Infra-Red Thermography for Automotive Climate Control Analysis. Burch, S.; Hassani, V.; Penney, T. (1992). SAE paper no. 921136, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.