NREL's Drive Cycle Analysis Tool (DriveCAT) provides drive cycle data—based on real-world vehicle operation—for modeling, simulating, and evaluating advanced vehicle systems for specific applications.
Drive cycle analysis can help identify a vehicle or fleet's energy consumption and which factors affect their efficiency. Developed by NREL's commercial vehicle researchers, this online tool allows you to view and download high-resolution drive cycle data, metrics, charts, and related publications for a wide variety of commercially available vehicles and vocations.
By accessing this tool, you agree to abide by the NREL data disclaimer.
Select a Drive Cycle
| Cycle | Time (minutes) | Distance (mi) | Maximum Speed (mph) | Average Speed (mph) | Average Driving Speed (mph) | Positive Kinetic Energy (ft/sec2) | Kinetic Intensity (1/mi) | Stops (#) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NREL Neighborhood Refuse Truck Cycle | 30.55 | 5.69 | 60.00 | 11.17 | 21.52 | 1.36 | 1.08 | 60 |
| NREL Parcel Delivery Truck Cycle (Baltimore) | 64.23 | 20.46 | 61.70 | 19.11 | 23.37 | 1.53 | 1.33 | 41 |
| NREL Port Drayage Creep Queue Cycle (California) | 22.18 | 0.26 | 12.46 | 0.70 | 5.20 | 0.65 | 15.89 | 6 |
| NREL Port Drayage Near Dock Cycle (California) | 21.03 | 1.17 | 30.98 | 3.34 | 10.61 | 0.96 | 3.79 | 5 |
| NREL Port Drayage Local Cycle (California) | 23.95 | 7.12 | 57.90 | 17.85 | 28.53 | 0.92 | 0.69 | 9 |
| NREL Port Drayage Metro Highway Cycle (California) | 52.83 | 26.66 | 64.17 | 30.28 | 41.23 | 0.50 | 0.24 | 7 |
| NREL Port Drayage Composite Cycle (California) | 119.95 | 35.21 | 64.17 | 17.61 | 33.34 | 0.60 | 0.32 | 27 |
| NREL Class 6 Electric Vehicle Cycle | 61.63 | 16.09 | 49.00 | 15.66 | 23.45 | 0.98 | 1.06 | 26 |
| NREL Class 3 Electric Vehicle Cycle | 61.62 | 6.53 | 48.73 | 6.36 | 19.42 | 1.43 | 1.56 | 32 |
| NREL Utility Truck Cycle (California) | 34.30 | 11.16 | 58.50 | 19.53 | 29.92 | 0.79 | 0.46 | 20 |
| NREL Refuse Truck Cycle (Miami-Dade) | 15.02 | 1.94 | 52.77 | 7.74 | 17.57 | 1.39 | 1.31 | 20 |
| CARB Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck (HHDDT) Creep Segment | 4.23 | 0.12 | 8.20 | 1.76 | 3.00 | 0.43 | 24.93 | 3 |
| CARB Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck (HHDDT) Cruise Segment | 34.73 | 23.07 | 59.30 | 39.86 | 43.22 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 6 |
| CARB Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck (HHDDT) Transient Segment | 11.13 | 2.85 | 47.50 | 15.36 | 18.20 | 0.98 | 1.38 | 4 |
| CARB Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck (HHDDT) Composite Cycle | 60.08 | 26.05 | 59.30 | 26.01 | 35.59 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 13 |
| Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule for Heavy-Duty Vehicles (UDDS HD) | 17.68 | 5.55 | 58.00 | 18.84 | 28.23 | 0.90 | 0.61 | 14 |
| Orange County Transit Bus Cycle (US-OCTA) (California) | 31.83 | 6.54 | 40.63 | 12.33 | 15.67 | 1.43 | 3.59 | 31 |
| Manhattan Bus Cycle 10Hz | 18.15 | 2.07 | 25.40 | 6.83 | 10.67 | 0.19 | 9.14 | 20 |
| Central Business District (CBD) Segment of the Transit Coach Operating Duty Cycle | 9.35 | 2.05 | 20.00 | 13.13 | 15.94 | 1.12 | 3.97 | 14 |
| Arterial Segment of the Transit Coach Operating Duty Cycle | 4.5 | 1.96 | 40.0 | 26.0 | 29.7 | 1.33 | 1.29 | 4 |
| Braunschweig City Driving Cycle | 29.0 | 6.76 | 36.2 | 14.0 | 18.7 | 1.44 | 3.0 | 29 |
| Commuter Segment of the Transit Coach Operating Duty Cycle | 5.17 | 4.0 | 55.0 | 46.3 | 49.8 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 1 |
| City Suburban Heavy Vehicle Cycle (CSHVC) | 28.33 | 6.68 | 43.8 | 14.1 | 18.4 | 1.12 | 1.79 | 13 |
| EPA US06 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (FTP) Driving Schedule (Light-Duty) | 9.93 | 8.01 | 80.3 | 48.3 | 51.9 | 1.38 | 0.44 | 5 |
| EPA Federal Test Procedure (FTP)-72 [also known as Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS)-LD and as LA-4] (Light-Duty) | 22.87 | 7.45 | 56.7 | 19.5 | 24.1 | 1.15 | 1.28 | 17 |
| EPA Federal Test Procedure (FTP)-75 (Light-Duty) | 31.28 | 11.04 | 56.7 | 21.2 | 26.2 | 1.14 | 1.09 | 22 |
| EPA Highway Fuel Economy Test (Light-Duty) | 12.75 | 10.26 | 59.9 | 48.2 | 48.6 | 0.46 | 0.22 | 1 |
| EPA Inspection and Maintenance (IM) 240 (Light-Duty) | 4.00 | 1.96 | 56.7 | 29.3 | 30.8 | 1.33 | 1.0 | 2 |
| New York Bus Cycle (NY Bus) | 10.00 | 0.61 | 30.8 | 3.7 | 10.7 | 2.5 | 11.07 | 11 |
| New York City Cycle (NYCC-LD) (Light-Duty) | 9.97 | 1.18 | 27.7 | 7.1 | 11.4 | 2.03 | 8.3 | 10 |
| New York Bus Composite Cycle (NY Comp) | 17.15 | 2.51 | 36.0 | 8.8 | 13.1 | 1.51 | 4.3 | 20 |
| California Unified Cycle (UC)/LA92 Cycle (Light-Duty) | 23.92 | 9.82 | 67.2 | 24.6 | 29.4 | 1.49 | 0.96 | 16 |
| West Virginia University (WVU) 5-Peak Cycle | 15.00 | 5.01 | 40.0 | 20.0 | 24.5 | 0.39 | 0.51 | 5 |
| Fleet DNA Drayage Maximum Energy* | 1431.4 | 376.3 | 65.84 | 16.31 | 32.79 | 0.53 | 0.28 | 422 |
| Fleet DNA Drayage Maximum High Speed* | 1025.6 | 354.7 | 64.15 | 34.51 | 49.8 | 0.35 | 0.13 | 139 |
| Fleet DNA Drayage Maximum Power Weighted Work* | 857.3 | 314.8 | 70.66 | 34.31 | 48.64 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 87 |
| Fleet DNA Drayage Maximum Trip Distance* | 1277.2 | 619.7 | 71.88 | 41.3 | 47.58 | 0.45 | 0.18 | 158 |
| Fleet DNA Drayage Minimum MPG* | 658.1 | 54.4 | 46.28 | 4.96 | 13.52 | 0.8 | 1.47 | 269 |
| Fleet DNA Drayage Representative* | 516 | 96.9 | 62.57 | 16.65 | 27.33 | 0.89 | 0.54 | 176 |
| Fleet DNA Local Delivery Maximum Energy* | 763.8 | 657.5 | 73.28 | 51.65 | 61.28 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 52 |
| Fleet DNA Local Delivery Maximum High Speed* | 302.8 | 273 | 74.79 | 54.09 | 64.79 | 0.3 | 0.08 | 20 |
| Fleet DNA Local Delivery Maximum Power Weighted Work* | 264.6 | 156.4 | 68.07 | 35.46 | 41.85 | 0.47 | 0.26 | 19 |
| Fleet DNA Local Delivery Maximum Trip Distance* | 763.8 | 657.5 | 73.28 | 51.65 | 61.28 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 52 |
| Fleet DNA Local Delivery Minimum MPG* | 908.5 | 48.9 | 53.81 | 3.23 | 15.12 | 0.67 | 1.1 | 184 |
| Fleet DNA Local Delivery Representative* | 300 | 116 | 68.84 | 23.2 | 33.56 | 0.76 | 0.33 | 109 |
| Fleet DNA Long-Haul Maximum Energy* | 1418.4 | 1335.9 | 74.76 | 56.51 | 63.47 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 28 |
| Fleet DNA Long-Haul Maximum High Speed* | 1324 | 1265.6 | 74.37 | 57.36 | 62.29 | 0.2 | 0.06 | 43 |
| Fleet DNA Long-Haul Maximum Power Weighted Work* | 265.1 | 200.6 | 70.8 | 45.39 | 55.08 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 50 |
| Fleet DNA Long-Haul Maximum Trip Distance* | 1438.4 | 1393.7 | 76.66 | 58.13 | 64.65 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 27 |
| Fleet DNA Long-Haul Minimum MPG* | 265.1 | 200.6 | 70.8 | 45.39 | 55.08 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 50 |
| Fleet DNA Long-Haul Representative* | 1183.7 | 938.5 | 72.49 | 47.57 | 60.7 | 0.21 | 0.06 | 47 |
| Fleet DNA Regional-Haul Maximum Energy* | 1255 | 883.5 | 74.25 | 42.24 | 56.21 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 145 |
| Fleet DNA Regional-Haul Maximum High Speed* | 740.9 | 687.4 | 76.87 | 60.06 | 62.78 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 30 |
| Fleet DNA Regional-Haul Maximum Power* | 856 | 574.7 | 80.78 | 40.29 | 52.91 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 118 |
| Fleet DNA Regional-Haul Maximum Trip Distance* | 1219 | 885.9 | 76.15 | 43.6 | 52.86 | 0.43 | 0.14 | 216 |
| Fleet DNA Regional-Haul Minimum MPG* | 584.4 | 412.9 | 73.2 | 42.39 | 55.85 | 0.25 | 0.08 | 66 |
| Fleet DNA Regional-Haul Representative* | 596.7 | 430.8 | 69.51 | 43.32 | 50.71 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 87 |
| Fleet DNA Transit Bus Maximum Energy* | 1116 | 211.8 | 65.65 | 11.39 | 17.87 | 1.52 | 2.26 | 876 |
| Fleet DNA Transit Bus Maximum High Speed* | 622.8 | 204.4 | 66.65 | 19.69 | 28.33 | 1.02 | 0.63 | 361 |
| Fleet DNA Transit Bus Maximum Power Weighted Work* | 622.8 | 204.4 | 66.65 | 19.69 | 28.33 | 1.02 | 0.63 | 361 |
| Fleet DNA Transit Bus Maximum Trip Distance* | 1022.1 | 254.4 | 66.22 | 14.93 | 23.14 | 1.25 | 0.97 | 645 |
| Fleet DNA Transit Bus Minimum MPG* | 456.8 | 54.2 | 62.87 | 7.12 | 14.34 | 1.42 | 2.48 | 359 |
| Fleet DNA Transit Bus Representative* | 964.5 | 189.7 | 65.22 | 11.8 | 19.17 | 1.21 | 1.61 | 655 |
Drive Cycle Description
Select a row in the table to see a description.
*Cycle has additional data including key-on/off, engine power, and road grade.
How to Cite the Data
Publications that use drive cycle data from DriveCAT should include a citation withthe following information:
NREL DriveCAT: Drive Cycle Analysis Tool. (year). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. www.nrel.gov/transportation/drive-cycle-tool
Contact Us
Contact us at [email protected] if you have feedback, need assistance, or would like to contribute drive cycle data.
Learn More
NREL conducts in-service performance evaluations of commercial vehicle technologies by comparing advanced medium- and heavy-duty fleet vehicles to conventional vehicles. Results help vehicle manufacturers fine-tune their designs and help fleet managers select energy-efficient vehicles that meet their needs.
Some of the drive cycles available via the DriveCAT tool were developed using data from NREL's Fleet DNA clearinghouse of commercial fleet vehicle operating data and by leveraging the laboratory's Fleet Research, Energy Data, and Insights (FleetREDI) data analysis pipeline.
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Last Updated March 6, 2025