Battery Microstructure Li-Ion Cathode and Anode Data Samples

Download Li-Ion nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cathode and graphite anode electrode samples, calendered and uncalendered with different loadings. They include both grey-level and segmented three-dimensional volumes.

For full information about these samples, see Resolving the Discrepancy in Tortuosity Factor Estimation for Li-ion Battery Electrodes through Micro-Macro Modeling and Experiment. The study was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Computer-Aided Engineering for Electric-Drive Vehicle Batteries (CAEBAT) program. Argonne National Laboratory’s (ANL’s) Cell Analysis, Modeling, and Prototyping (CAMP) Facility fabricated the electrodes, University College London performed tomographic imaging, and Purdue University numerically reconstructed the carbon binder domain.

Materials Information
Material Calendering Designation Coating thickness [μm]a Pore (Volume fraction εb) Active material (Volume fraction εb) CBDc (Volume fraction εb) Coating (Density [mg.cm-2]) Active material (Density [mg.cm-2]) Active material (Loading [mAh.cm-2])
NMC No 1-UNCAL 160 49.1 39.7 11.2 33.09 29.78 8.27
Yes 1-CAL 129 36.8 49.3 13.9 33.09 29.78 8.27
No 2-UNCAL 140 51.8 37.6 10.6 27.39 24.65 6.84
Yes 2-CAL 108 37.5 48.8 13.7 27.39 24.65 6.84
No 3-UNCAL 106 47.4 41.0 11.6 22.60 20.40 5.66
Yes 3-CAL 88 36.6 49.5 13.9 22.60 20.40 5.66
Yes 4-CAL 34 33.5 51.9 14.6 9.17 8.25 2.29
Graphite No 5-UNCAL 205 50.7 44.6 4.7 21.89 20.1 7.48
Yes 5-CAL 165 38.8 55.4 5.8 21.89 20.1 7.48
No 6-UNCAL 173 51.8 43.6 4.6 18.08 16.6 6.17
Yes 6-CAL 131 36.3 57.7 6.0 18.08 16.6 6.17
No 7-UNCAL 140 51.4 44.0 4.6 14.70 13.5 5.02
Yes 7-CAL 110 38.0 56.1 5.9 14.70 13.5 5.02
Yes 8-CAL 44 38.4 55.8 5.8 5.88 5.51 2.05

aMeasured with a micrometer. bObtained from recipe calculation. c Carbon Binder Domain.

Li-Ion Cathode Samples — Toda NMC532

All NMC Volumes Share the Same Voxel Size of 398 x 398 x 398 nm3
Designation

Sample volume dimensions μm3 a

Grey levelb,c
(raw image: no filtering rotation, cropping)

Segmentedb,c.
Label 0 = pore + CBD,
label 1 = active material

Segmentedb,c
so that
εlabel 0 = εpore

Segmentedb,c.
Label 0 = pore, label 1 = active material,
label 2 = CBD. ω=0.01d

Segmentedb,c.
Label 0 = pore, label 1 = active material,
label 2 = CBD. ω=0.99d
1-UNCAL 364.6 × 387.3 × 371.7 TIF 1340 MB        
244.0 × 231.2 × 146.1   TIF 12 MB      
244.0 × 231.2 × 146.1     TIF 12 MB    
100.3 × 100.3 × 100.3       TIF 4 MB  
100.3 × 100.3 × 100.3         TIF 4 MB
1-CAL 367.8 × 387.3 × 237.2 TIF 990 MB        
240.4 × 238.8 × 127.4   TIF 11 MB      
240.4 × 238.8 × 101.9     TIF 9 MB    
100.7 × 100.7 × 100.7       TIF 4 MB  
100.7 × 100.7 × 100.7         TIF 4 MB
2-UNCAL 374.1 × 387.3 × 235.2 TIF 964 MB        
257.1 × 247.2 × 107.9   TIF 10 MB      
257.1 × 247.2 × 84.4     TIF 8 MB    
100.7 × 100.3 × 100.3       TIF 3 MB  
100.7 × 100.3 × 100.3         TIF 4 MB
2-CAL 367.8 × 387.3 × 242.0 TIF 1040 MB        
241.6 × 249.5 × 101.1   TIF 9 MB      
241.6 × 249.5 × 68.1     TIF 6 MB    
100.3 × 100.3 × 100.7       TIF 4 MB  
100.3 × 100.3 × 100.7         TIF 4 MB
3-UNCAL 375.7 × 387.3 × 288.6 TIF 1217 MB        
241.6 × 252.7 × 91.9   TIF 7 MB      
241.6 × 252.7 × 58.1     TIF 5 MB    
104.7 × 104.7 × 91.9       TIF 3 MB  
104.7 × 104.7 × 91.9         TIF 4 MB
3-CAL 375.7 × 387.3 × 179.1 TIF 719 MB        
211.7 × 179.5 × 64.1   TIF 4 MB      
211.7 × 179.5 × 52.1     TIF 3 MB    
125.4 × 125.4 × 64.1       TIF 4 MB  
125.4 × 125.4 × 64.1         TIF 4 MB
4-CAL 375.7 × 387.3 × 136.1 TIF 540 MB        
220.9 × 223.7 × 28.3   TIF 2 MB      
220.9 × 223.7 × 20.7     TIF 2 MB    
188.3 × 188.3 × 28.3       TIF 4 MB  
188.3 × 188.3 × 28.3         TIF 4 MB

Dimensions are ordered such as in-plane dimension 1 × in-plane dimension 2 × through-plane (i.e., along electrode thickness) dimension.

X-ray tomography data reveals only two domains: darker voxels correspond to void and CBD, while brighter voxels correspond to the active material. Volumes have been cropped, rotated, and filtered before segmentation. Note that volumes investigated in the article have been re-cropped to match an identical size for all samples.

3D volume file format is tif and can be visualized for example with ImageJ, an open platform for scientific image analysis available at https://imagej.net/Welcome.

CBD has been numerically generated according to a physics-based algorithm. The so-called morphology parameter ω control the CBD deposition and range from 0 (preferential deposition on active material surface) to 1 (preferential deposition on existing CBD). Volume data with the two ω extremes values are available to download. Note that volumes investigated in the article have been re-cropped slightly to remove the over-representation of CBD at the domain's edge (i.e., edge effect).

Li-ion Anode Samples — Conoco Phillips A12 Graphite

All Graphite Volumes Share the Same Voxel Size of 126 x 126 x 126 nm3
Designation

Sample volume dimensions μm3 a

Grey levelb,c
(raw image: no filtering rotation, cropping)

Segmentedb,c.
Label 0 = pore + CBD,
label 1 = active material

Segmentedb,c
so that
εlabel 0 = εpore

Segmentedb,c.
Label 0 = pore, label 1 = active material,
label 2 = CBD. ω=0.01d

Segmentedb,c.
Label 0 = pore, label 1 = active material,
label 2 = CBD. ω=0.99d
5-UNCAL 62.4 × 63.9 × 257.9 TIF 947 MB        
34.0 × 34.0 × 147.7   TIF 11 MB      
34.0 × 34.0 × 144.0     TIF 11 MB    
32.1 × 32.1 × 32.1       TIF 5 MB  
32.1 × 32.1 × 32.1         TIF 5 MB
5-CAL 62.6 × 63.9 × 206.3 TIF 702 MB        
31.6 × 31.2 × 121.1   TIF 8 MB      
31.6 × 31.2 × 121.1     TIF 8 MB    
31.6 × 31.2 × 33.4       TIF 4 MB  
31.6 × 31.2 × 33.4         TIF 4 MB
6-UNCAL 62.5 × 64.5 × 64.1 TIF 245 MB        
35.3 × 31.6 × 51.7   TIF 3 MB      
35.3 × 31.6 × 37.9     TIF 2 MB    
32.4 × 31.6 × 32.4       TIF 5 MB  
32.4 × 31.6 × 32.4         TIF 5 MB
6-CAL 63.0 × 64.5 × 115.2 TIF 408 MB        
38.4 × 30.4 × 73.5   TIF 6 MB      
38.4 × 30.4 × 73.5     TIF 6 MB    
32.9 × 30.4 × 32.9       TIF 5 MB  
32.9 × 30.4 × 32.9         TIF 5 MB
7-UNCAL 62.1 × 64.1 × 164.7 TIF 518 MB        
37.2 × 37.3 × 113.5   TIF 11 MB      
37.2 × 37.3 × 113.5     TIF 10 MB    
32.0 × 32.1 × 32.1       TIF 4 MB  
32.0 × 32.1 × 32.1         TIF 4 MB
7-CAL 61.2 × 62.9 × 142.9 TIF 512 MB        
32.9 × 32.9 × 110.4   TIF 8 MB      
32.9 × 32.9 × 85.3     TIF 6 MB    
32.0 × 32.0 × 32.1       TIF 4 MB  
32.0 × 32.0 × 32.1         TIF 4 MB
8-CAL 63.0 × 64.4 × 85.4 TIF 284 MB        
31.5 × 31.6 × 41.7   TIF 3 MB      
31.5 × 31.6 × 41.7     TIF 3 MB    
31.5 × 31.6 × 33.1       TIF 4 MB  
31.5 × 31.6 × 33.1         TIF 4 MB

Dimensions are ordered such as in-plane dimension 1 × in-plane dimension 2 × through-plane (i.e., along electrode thickness) dimension.

X-ray tomography data reveals only two domains: darker voxels correspond to void and CBD, while brighter voxels correspond to the active material. Volumes have been cropped, rotated, and filtered before segmentation. Note that volumes investigated in the article have been re-cropped to match an identical size for all samples.

3D volume file format is tif and can be visualized for example with ImageJ, an open platform for scientific image analysis available at https://imagej.net/Welcome.

CBD has been numerically generated according to a physics-based algorithm. The so-called morphology parameter ω control the CBD deposition and range from 0 (preferential deposition on active material surface) to 1 (preferential deposition on existing CBD). Volume data with the two ω extremes values are available to download. Note that volumes investigated in the article have been re-cropped slightly to remove the over-representation of CBD at the domain's edge (i.e., edge effect).

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