Includes links to publications by others on the topics of transmission, capacity value, integration analysis, and voltage and turbine modeling. Some of the following documents are available as Adobe Acrobat PDFs. Download Adobe Reader.
Mills, A.; Wiser, R.; Porter, K. (February 2009).
The primary goal in reviewing a sample of 40 detailed transmission studies that have included wind power is to develop a better understanding of the transmission costs needed to access growing quantities of wind generation.
Its purpose is to identify potential generation projects in the Rocky Mountain sub-region and the electric transmission needed to support these projects.
This January 2008 report highlights representative transmission projects covering several key categories of transmission investment presently being undertaken by Edison Electric Institute's members. The objective of this report is to provide a broader perspective on the types of projects proposed and underway.
May 2006.
The Western Electricity Coordinating Council Regional Planning Process: Canada and the Pacific Northwest to Northern California.
An analysis of options for ensuring electric reliability in Minnesota and the surrounding region.
A presentation briefly describing Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific transmission planning.
The Frontier Line is a proposed high-voltage electric transmission line that would interconnect several Western states.
July 2007. A plan for the expansion and reinforcement of the transmission grid in the states of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. The goal is to develop a high-voltage, backbone transmission system that will enhance reliability and increase access to renewable and other diverse generation resources within regional energy resource zones.
This Bonneville Power Administration 500-kilovolt line will add about 1,200 megawatts of transfer capacity.
A privately funded transmission line between Alberta and Montana.
The Midwest Independent System Operators' third regional expansion plan, will substantially improve electric power grid performance in the Midwest by ensuring continued compliance with national electric reliability standards, by relieving the most significant points of congestion on the grid, and by facilitating the development of new base load and renewable generation resources.
The Western Electricity Coordinating Council site provides background information on this project, including a comprehensive project report.
TransCanada's NorthernLights initiative proposes to connect sources of low-cost and renewable supply to growing markets via long distance, High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission lines (PDF 211 KB) that maximize the use of existing and emerging energy infrastructure corridors and rights-of-way where practical.
The west coast submarine transmission corridor was conceived as an answer to the challenge of unlocking the many thousands of stranded megawatts of clean, renewable energy that remain unutilized along the rugged and windy west coast of Canada.
This intertie system, when fully installed, will directly and indirectly interconnect the major Federal, public, and private electrical systems in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The transmission system will extend from Vancouver, British Columbia, through Seattle, Washington, to Phoenix, Arizona, and include points in California and Nevada.
The Sunrise Powerlink is a new "energy superhighway" designed to improve energy reliability and meet the growing energy demands of the San Diego region. The 150-mile transmission line will deliver clean, renewable power from the Imperial Valley to San Diego, while helping to reduce energy costs.
The SunZia Southwest Transmission Project would allow potential future development of power from renewable energy sources, such as geothermal, wind, and solar, to be transported by the SunZia Project to the Arizona and New Mexico regional transmission systems.
Arizona Public Service Company announced Oct. 21, 2005 that it will explore building two 500,000-volt (500-kV) transmission lines from Wyoming to northern Arizona. The completion of the TransWest Express Project would provide Arizona and other western states increased capability to access electricity generated from coal, wind, and other resources.
A venture between the Wyoming Infrastructure Authority Trans-Elect, and the Western Area Power Administration.
April 2006. Gipe, P. See section on capacity credits.
March 2005. Michigan Wind Working Group.
American Wind Energy Association.
August 2006
Utility Wind Interest Group. A summary of markets and market rules for wind energy and capacity in North America.
Norgaard, P. and Holttinen, H. Nordic Wind Power Conference, March 1-2, 2004. Gothenburg, Sweden.
Asari, M. et al. Proceedings of IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002: Asia Pacific, Yokohama, Japan. Vol. 2, October 6-10, 2002. pp. 938-943.
Li, P., Banakar, H. et al. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 22, March 2007, pp.119-128.
Manwell, J.; McGowan, J.; Rogers, A. August 2005.
Ackermann, T. January 2005.
October 2009. North American Electric Reliability Corporation. 447 pp.
October 2009. North American Electric Reliability Corporation. 196 pp.
July 2007
This report documents a multi-year analysis of integration costs in California and applies previously defined methodologies to a three year period from 2002 to 2004.
September 2006. Global Wind Power Conference, Adelaide, Australia.
California Independent System Operator. November 2007.
The study shows the additional operating requirements and products needed to support the implementation of the 20 percent Renewables Portfolio Standard in California.
July 2007
November 2006
November 2006
December 2006
February 2007. Final Draft. Addresses how to best integrate wind energy into the Pacific Northwest's existing hydro-rich electricity system. The plan is the collaboration of many of the region's utility, regulatory, consumer, and environmental specialists.
Söder, L. and Holttinen, H. Int. J. Global Energy Issues; Vol. 29, Nos. 1/2, 2008; p. 181-198.
Provides reports on efforts to characterize the impacts of wind on power system operations and integration of wind generation.
March 2005. Report on Phase 2: System Performance Evaluation.
May 2005. Zavadil, R.M. California Energy Commission Workshop on Renewables Operational Integration Issues #2, Sacramento, California.
Robert Zavadil, EnerNex Corporation; Nicholas Miller, GE Energy: Abraham Ellis, Public Service New Mexico; and Eduard Muljadi, NREL.