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Related Publications

Includes links to publications by others on the topics of transmission, capacity value, integration analysis, and voltage and turbine modeling.

• Transmission Work by Others
• Capacity Value Work by Others
• Wind Energy Characteristics Work by Others
• Integration Analysis Work by Others
• Voltage Issues and Turbine Modeling Work by Others

Transmission Work by Others

• California Transmission Information and Projects

• Cost of Transmission for Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission Planning Studies
  Mills, A.; Wiser, R.; Porter, K. (February 2009).
  The primary goal in reviewing a sample of 40 detailed transmission studies that have included wind power is to develop a better understanding of the transmission costs needed to access growing quantities of wind generation.

• Rocky Mountain Area Transmission Study
  Its purpose is to identify potential generation projects in the Rocky Mountain sub-region and the electric transmission needed to support these projects.

• Transmission Planning for Wind Energy: Status and Prospects
  Smith, J.C.; Osborn, D.; Zavadil, R.; Lasher, W.; Gómez-Lázaro, E.; Trötscher, T.; Tande, J.; Korpås, M.; Van Hulle, F.; Estanqueiro, A.; Dale, L.; Holttinen, H. Presented at the 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Windpower into Power Systems/Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants, Quebéc City, 2010. pp. 371-382.

• Transmission Projects: At A Glance Report
  This January 2008 report highlights representative transmission projects covering several key categories of transmission investment presently being undertaken by Edison Electric Institute's members. The objective of this report is to provide a broader perspective on the types of projects proposed and underway.

• Western Governors' Association Clean and Diversified Energy Initiative, Report of the Transmission Task Force
  May 2006.

• Other transmission projects (although may not include wind)

  • Analysis of Transmission Alternatives for Competitive Renewable Energy Zones in Texas

  • British Columbia — Northern California
    The Western Electricity Coordinating Council Regional Planning Process: Canada and the Pacific Northwest to Northern California.

  • CapX 2020
    An analysis of options for ensuring electric reliability in Minnesota and the surrounding region.

  • Eastern Nevada Transmission Intertie
    A presentation briefly describing Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific transmission planning.

  • The Frontier Line
    The Frontier Line is a proposed high-voltage electric transmission line that would interconnect several Western states.

  • High Plains Express Transmission Study
    July 2007. A plan for the expansion and reinforcement of the transmission grid in the states of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. The goal is to develop a high-voltage, backbone transmission system that will enhance reliability and increase access to renewable and other diverse generation resources within regional energy resource zones.

  • McNary-John Day
    This Bonneville Power Administration 500-kilovolt line will add about 1,200 megawatts of transfer capacity.

  • Montana Alberta Intertie
    A privately funded transmission line between Alberta and Montana.

  • MTEP 06
    The Midwest Independent System Operators' third regional expansion plan, will substantially improve electric power grid performance in the Midwest by ensuring continued compliance with national electric reliability standards, by relieving the most significant points of congestion on the grid, and by facilitating the development of new base load and renewable generation resources.

  • Navajo Transmission Project
    The Western Electricity Coordinating Council site provides background information on this project, including a comprehensive project report.

  • Northern Lights
    TransCanada's NorthernLights initiative proposes to connect sources of low-cost and renewable supply to growing markets via long distance, High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission lines that maximize the use of existing and emerging energy infrastructure corridors and rights-of-way where practical.

  • Seabreeze West Coast Cable
    The west coast submarine transmission corridor was conceived as an answer to the challenge of unlocking the many thousands of stranded megawatts of clean, renewable energy that remain unutilized along the rugged and windy west coast of Canada.

  • Southwest Intertie Project
    This intertie system, when fully installed, will directly and indirectly interconnect the major Federal, public, and private electrical systems in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The transmission system will extend from Vancouver, British Columbia, through Seattle, Washington, to Phoenix, Arizona, and include points in California and Nevada.

  • Sun Path (Sunrise + Green Path)
    The Sunrise Powerlink is a new "energy superhighway" designed to improve energy reliability and meet the growing energy demands of the San Diego region. The 150-mile transmission line will deliver clean, renewable power from the Imperial Valley to San Diego, while helping to reduce energy costs.

  • SunZia
    The SunZia Southwest Transmission Project would allow potential future development of power from renewable energy sources, such as geothermal, wind, and solar, to be transported by the SunZia Project to the Arizona and New Mexico regional transmission systems.

  • Transwest Express Feasibility Study
    Arizona Public Service Company announced Oct. 21, 2005 that it will explore building two 500,000-volt (500-kV) transmission lines from Wyoming to northern Arizona. The completion of the TransWest Express Project would provide Arizona and other western states increased capability to access electricity generated from coal, wind, and other resources.

  • Wyoming-Colorado Intertie Project (i.e., TOT3)
    A venture between the Wyoming Infrastructure Authority Trans-Elect, and the Western Area Power Administration.

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Capacity Value Work by Others

• Grid Integration of Wind Energy
  April 2006. Gipe, P. See section on capacity credits.

• Proposal for Capacity Credits for Variable Output Electric Power Generators in Michigan
  March 2005. Michigan Wind Working Group.

• Tellus Institute Study Finds Capacity Value for Wind
  American Wind Energy Association.

• Wind on the Public Service Company of Colorado System: Cost Comparison to Natural Gas
  August 2006

• Wind Power and Electricity Markets
  Utility Wind Interest Group. A summary of markets and market rules for wind energy and capacity in North America.

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Wind Energy Characteristics Work by Others

• A Multi-Turbine Power Curve Approach
  Norgaard, P. and Holttinen, H. Nordic Wind Power Conference, March 1-2, 2004. Gothenburg, Sweden.

• A study on smoothing effect on output fluctuation of distributed wind power generation
  Asari, M. et al. Proceedings of IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002: Asia Pacific, Yokohama, Japan. Vol. 2, October 6-10, 2002. pp. 938-943.

• Macromodel of Spatial Smoothing in Wind Farms
  Li, P., Banakar, H. et al. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 22, March 2007, pp.119-128.

• Wind Energy Explained
  Manwell, J.; McGowan, J.; Rogers, A. August 2005.

• Wind Power in Power Systems
  Ackermann, T. January 2005.

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Integration Analysis Work by Others

• New England Wind Integration Study
  December 5, 2010. GE Energy. 466 pp. Wind has the potential to supply up to 24 percent of New England's total annual electricity needs by 2020, according to a study by GE Energy Applications & Systems Engineering, which conducted the project for regional grid manager, ISO New England.

• 2009 Long-Term Reliability Assessment: 2009 - 2018
  October 2009. North American Electric Reliability Corporation. 447 pp.

• 2009 Scenario Reliability Assessment: 2009 - 2018
  October 2009. North American Electric Reliability Corporation. 196 pp.

• California Intermittency Analysis Project
  July 2007

• California ISO Study Affirms Grid Can Reliably Integrate 20% RPS
  August 2010. The California Independent System Operator Corp. (California ISO) has released a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) integration study. California ISO and its study partners, including GE Energy Consulting, gained insights about grid dynamics through the "Integration of Renewable Resources—Operational Requirements and Generation Fleet Capability at 20%."

• California Renewable Portfolio Integration Standard Integration Cost Final Report
  This report documents a multi-year analysis of integration costs in California and applies previously defined methodologies to a three year period from 2002 to 2004.

• Design and Operation of Power Systems with Large Amounts of Wind Power, first results of International Energy Agency collaboration
  September 2006. Global Wind Power Conference, Adelaide, Australia.

• The Effects of Integrating Wind Power on Transmission System Planning, Reliability, and Operations
  March 2005. Report on Phase 2: System Performance Evaluation.

• The Importance of Combined Cycle Generating Plants in Integrating Large Levels of Wind Power Generation
  Puga, J.N. The Electricity Journal. Vol. 23, Issue 7, August - September 2010; p.33-44. Integration of high wind-penetration levels will require fast-ramping combined cycle and steam cycles that, due to higher operating costs, will require proper pricing of ancillary services or other forms of compensation to remain viable. Several technical and policy recommendations are presented to help realign the generation mix to properly integrate the wind.

• Integration of Renewable Resources
  California Independent System Operator. November 2007.
  The study shows the additional operating requirements and products needed to support the implementation of the 20 percent Renewables Portfolio Standard in California.

• Intermittency Analysis Project: Appendix B. Impact of Intermittent Generation on Operation of California Power Grid
  July 2007

• Minnesota Wind Integration Study Final Report — Volume I
  November 2006
  Minnesota Wind Integration Study Final Report — Volume II
  November 2006
  Minnesota Wind Integration Study Presentation
  December 2006

• Northwest Wind Integration Action Plan
  February 2007. Final Draft. Addresses how to best integrate wind energy into the Pacific Northwest's existing hydro-rich electricity system. The plan is the collaboration of many of the region's utility, regulatory, consumer, and environmental specialists.

• On Methodology for Modelling Wind Power Impact on Power Systems
  Söder, L. and Holttinen, H. Int. J. Global Energy Issues; Vol. 29, Nos. 1/2, 2008; p. 181-198.

• Operating Impacts and Wind Integration Studies
  Provides reports on efforts to characterize the impacts of wind on power system operations and integration of wind generation.

• Summary Report on Coal Plant Dynamic Performance Capability
  August 2010. Interest in the ability of coal plants to move from baseload operation to a more dynamic dispatch is increasing as competitive markets and the introduction of variable renewable resources provide opportunities to obtain greater economic efficiencies from such operations. In fact, coal powered electric generation can fluctuate dynamically and increasingly does so in competitive wholesale electric power markets today.

• Wind Generation Forecasting: Status and Prospects for Improving System Integration
  May 2005. Zavadil, R.M. California Energy Commission Workshop on Renewables Operational Integration Issues #2, Sacramento, California.

• Wind Integration Study for Public Service Company of Colorado
  

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Voltage Issues and Turbine Modeling Work by Others

• Making Connections
  Robert Zavadil, EnerNex Corporation; Nicholas Miller, GE Energy: Abraham Ellis, Public Service New Mexico; and Eduard Muljadi, NREL.

• Winds of Change

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