Related Publications
Includes links to publications by others on the topics of transmission, capacity value, integration analysis, and voltage and turbine modeling. Some of the following documents are available as Adobe Acrobat PDFs. Download Adobe Reader.
- Transmission Work by Others
- Capacity Value Work by Others
- Wind Energy Characteristics Work by Others
- Integration Analysis Work by Others
- Voltage Issues and Turbine Modeling Work by Others
Transmission Work by Others
California Transmission Information and Projects
Cost of Transmission for Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission Planning Studies (PDF 465 KB)
Mills, A.; Wiser, R.; Porter, K. (February 2009).
The primary goal in reviewing a sample of 40 detailed transmission studies that have included wind power is to develop a better understanding of the transmission costs needed to access growing quantities of wind generation.
Rocky Mountain Area Transmission Study
Its purpose is to identify potential generation projects in the Rocky Mountain sub-region and the electric transmission needed to support these projects.
Transmission Projects: At A Glance Report
This January 2008 report highlights representative transmission projects covering several key categories of transmission investment presently being undertaken by Edison Electric Institute's members. The objective of this report is to provide a broader perspective on the types of projects proposed and underway.
Western Governors' Association Clean and Diversified Energy Initiative, Report of the Transmission Task Force (PDF 1.9 MB)
May 2006.
Other transmission projects (although may not include wind)
Analysis of Transmission Alternatives for Competitive Renewable Energy Zones in Texas (PDF 7.6 MB)
British Columbia — Northern California
The Western Electricity Coordinating Council Regional Planning Process: Canada and the Pacific Northwest to Northern California.
CapX 2020
An analysis of options for ensuring electric reliability in Minnesota and the surrounding region.
Eastern Nevada Transmission Intertie (PDF 469 KB)
A presentation briefly describing Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific transmission planning.
The Frontier Line
The Frontier Line is a proposed high-voltage electric transmission line that would interconnect several Western states.
High Plains Express Transmission Study (PDF 71 KB)
July 2007. A plan for the expansion and reinforcement of the transmission grid in the states of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. The goal is to develop a high-voltage, backbone transmission system that will enhance reliability and increase access to renewable and other diverse generation resources within regional energy resource zones.
McNary-John Day
This Bonneville Power Administration 500-kilovolt line will add about 1,200 megawatts of transfer capacity.
Montana Alberta Intertie
A privately funded transmission line between Alberta and Montana.
MTEP 06 (PDF 1.1 MB)
The Midwest Independent System Operators' third regional expansion plan, will substantially improve electric power grid performance in the Midwest by ensuring continued compliance with national electric reliability standards, by relieving the most significant points of congestion on the grid, and by facilitating the development of new base load and renewable generation resources.
Navajo Transmission Project
The Western Electricity Coordinating Council site provides background information on this project, including a comprehensive project report.
Northern Lights
TransCanada's NorthernLights initiative proposes to connect sources of low-cost and renewable supply to growing markets via long distance, High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission lines (PDF 211 KB) that maximize the use of existing and emerging energy infrastructure corridors and rights-of-way where practical.
Seabreeze West Coast Cable
The west coast submarine transmission corridor was conceived as an answer to the challenge of unlocking the many thousands of stranded megawatts of clean, renewable energy that remain unutilized along the rugged and windy west coast of Canada.
Southwest Intertie Project
This intertie system, when fully installed, will directly and indirectly interconnect the major Federal, public, and private electrical systems in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The transmission system will extend from Vancouver, British Columbia, through Seattle, Washington, to Phoenix, Arizona, and include points in California and Nevada.
Sun Path (Sunrise + Green Path)
The Sunrise Powerlink is a new "energy superhighway" designed to improve energy reliability and meet the growing energy demands of the San Diego region. The 150-mile transmission line will deliver clean, renewable power from the Imperial Valley to San Diego, while helping to reduce energy costs.
SunZia
The SunZia Southwest Transmission Project would allow potential future development of power from renewable energy sources, such as geothermal, wind, and solar, to be transported by the SunZia Project to the Arizona and New Mexico regional transmission systems.
Transwest Express Feasibility Study
Arizona Public Service Company announced Oct. 21, 2005 that it will explore building two 500,000-volt (500-kV) transmission lines from Wyoming to northern Arizona. The completion of the TransWest Express Project would provide Arizona and other western states increased capability to access electricity generated from coal, wind, and other resources.
Wyoming-Colorado Intertie Project (i.e., TOT3)
A venture between the Wyoming Infrastructure Authority Trans-Elect, and the Western Area Power Administration.
Capacity Value Work by Others
Grid Integration of Wind Energy
April 2006. Gipe, P. See section on capacity credits.
Proposal for Capacity Credits for Variable Output Electric Power Generators in Michigan (PDF 126 KB)
March 2005. Michigan Wind Working Group.
Tellus Institute Study Finds Capacity Value for Wind
American Wind Energy Association.
Wind on the Public Service Company of Colorado System: Cost Comparison to Natural Gas (PDF 319 KB)
August 2006
Wind Power and Electricity Markets (PDF 45 KB)
Utility Wind Interest Group. A summary of markets and market rules for wind energy and capacity in North America.
Wind Energy Characteristics Work by Others
A Multi-Turbine Power Curve Approach (PDF 551 KB)
Norgaard, P. and Holttinen, H. Nordic Wind Power Conference, March 1-2, 2004. Gothenburg, Sweden.
A study on smoothing effect on output fluctuation of distributed wind power generation
Asari, M. et al. Proceedings of IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002: Asia Pacific, Yokohama, Japan. Vol. 2, October 6-10, 2002. pp. 938-943.
Macromodel of Spatial Smoothing in Wind Farms
Li, P., Banakar, H. et al. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 22, March 2007, pp.119-128.
Wind Energy Explained
Manwell, J.; McGowan, J.; Rogers, A. August 2005.
Wind Power in Power Systems
Ackermann, T. January 2005.
Integration Analysis Work by Others
2009 Long-Term Reliability Assessment: 2009 - 2018 (PDF 4.7 MB)
October 2009. North American Electric Reliability Corporation. 447 pp.
2009 Scenario Reliability Assessment: 2009 - 2018 (PDF 4.0 MB)
October 2009. North American Electric Reliability Corporation. 196 pp.
California Intermittency Analysis Project
July 2007
California Renewable Portfolio Integration Standard Integration Cost Final Report
This report documents a multi-year analysis of integration costs in California and applies previously defined methodologies to a three year period from 2002 to 2004.
Design and Operation of Power Systems with Large Amounts of Wind Power, first results of International Energy Agency collaboration (PDF 147 KB)
September 2006. Global Wind Power Conference, Adelaide, Australia.
Integration of Renewable Resources (PDF 22 MB)
California Independent System Operator. November 2007.
The study shows the additional operating requirements and products needed to support the implementation of the 20 percent Renewables Portfolio Standard in California.
Intermittency Analysis Project: Appendix B. Impact of Intermittent Generation on Operation of California Power Grid (PDF 3.8 MB)
July 2007
Minnesota Wind Integration Study Final Report — Volume I (PDF 2.8 MB)
November 2006
Minnesota Wind Integration Study Final Report — Volume II (PDF 7.9 MB)
November 2006
Minnesota Wind Integration Study Presentation (PDF 268 KB)
December 2006
Northwest Wind Integration Action Plan.
February 2007. Final Draft. Addresses how to best integrate wind energy into the Pacific Northwest's existing hydro-rich electricity system. The plan is the collaboration of many of the region's utility, regulatory, consumer, and environmental specialists.
On Methodology for Modelling Wind Power Impact on Power Systems (PDF 257 KB)
Söder, L. and Holttinen, H. Int. J. Global Energy Issues; Vol. 29, Nos. 1/2, 2008; p. 181-198.
Operating Impacts and Wind Integration Studies
Provides reports on efforts to characterize the impacts of wind on power system operations and integration of wind generation.
The Effects of Integrating Wind Power on Transmission System Planning, Reliability, and Operations (PDF 2.0 MB)
March 2005. Report on Phase 2: System Performance Evaluation.
Wind Generation Forecasting: Status and Prospects for Improving System Integration (PDF 610 KB)
May 2005. Zavadil, R.M. California Energy Commission Workshop on Renewables Operational Integration Issues #2, Sacramento, California.
Wind Integration Study for Public Service Company of Colorado (PDF 3.9 MB)
Voltage Issues and Turbine Modeling Work by Others
Making Connections (PDF 301 KB)
Robert Zavadil, EnerNex Corporation; Nicholas Miller, GE Energy: Abraham Ellis, Public Service New Mexico; and Eduard Muljadi, NREL.
Winds of Change (PDF 65 KB)
