Wind Systems Integration Publications

A Survey of Transmission Cost Allocation Methodologies for Regional Transmission Organizations. (February 2011). Fink, S.; Porter, K.; Mudd, C.; Rogers, J. The report presents transmission cost allocation methodologies for reliability transmission projects, generation interconnection, and economic transmission projects for all Regional Transmission Organizations.

Transmission Cost Allocation Methodologies for Regional Transmission Organizations. (July 2010). Fink, S.; Rogers, J.; Porter, K.

Moving Beyond Paralysis: How States and Regions Are Creating Innovative Transmission Projects. (October 2009). Schumacher, A.; Fink, S.; Porter, K.

Generation Interconnection Policies and Wind Power: A Discussion of Issues, Problems, and Potential Solutions. (January 2009). Porter, K.; Fink, S.; Mudd, C.; DeCesaro, J.

State Transmission Infrastructure Authorities: The Story So Far (Poster). (June 2008). Porter, K.; Fink, S. Prepared for WindPower 2008, 1-4 June, 2008, Houston, Texas.

State Transmission Infrastructure Authorities: The Story So Far; December 2007 - December 2008. (May 2008). Porter, K.; Fink, S. 55 pp.

Preliminary Analysis and Case Study of Transmission Constraints and Wind Energy in the West: Preprint. (2005). Milligan, M.; Berger, D. P. 17 pp. Presented at Windpower 2005 Conference, 15-18 May, 2005, Denver, Colorado.

Integrating Wind into Transmission Planning: The Rocky Mountain Area Transmission Study (RMATS): Preprint. (2004). Hamilton, R.; Lehr, R.; Olsen, D.; Nielsen, J.; Acker, T.; Milligan, M.; Geller, H. 26 pp.

Determining the Capacity Value of Wind: An Updated Survey of Methods and Implementation; Preprint. (June 2008). Milligan, M.; Porter, K. To be presented at WindPower 2008, 1-4 June 2008, Houston, Texas. 30 pp.

Determining the Capacity Value of Wind: A Survey of Methods and Implementation; Preprint. (2005). Milligan, M.; Porter, K. 30 pp.

Modeling Utility-Scale Wind Power Plants, Part 1: Economics. (2000). Milligan, M. 39 pp.

Strategic Planning in Electric Utilities: Using Wind Technologies as Risk Management Tools. (1996). Hoff, T. E.; Parsons, B. Windpower 1996: Proceedings of the American Wind Energy Association Conference, 23-27 June 1996, Denver, Colorado. pp. 143-151. Contact Bruce Green for a hard copy.

Variance Estimates of Wind Plant Capacity Credit. (1996). Milligan, M. R. Windpower 1996: Proceedings of the American Wind Energy Association Conference, 23-27 June 1996, Denver, Colorado. pp. 313-321.

Wind Energy Forecasting: A Collaboration of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Xcel Energy. (October 2011). Parks, K.; Wan, Y-H.; Wiener, G.; Liu, Y. The focus of this report is the wind forecasting system developed during this contract period with results of performance through the end of 2010. The report is intentionally high-level, with technical details disseminated at various conferences and academic papers.

Analysis of Wind Power Ramping Behavior in ERCOT. (March 2011). Wan, Y. This report analyzes the wind power ramping behavior using 10-minute and hourly average wind power data from ERCOT and presents statistical properties of the large ramp events.

Wind Power Forecasting Error Distributions over Multiple Timescales. (March 2011). Hodge, B.M.; Milligan, M. To be presented at the Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 24-29 July, 2011, Detroit, Michigan. This paper examines the shape of the persistence model error distribution for ten different wind plants in the ERCOT system over multiple timescales. Comparisons are made between the experimental distribution shape and that of the normal distribution.

Central Wind Power Forecasting Programs in North America by Regional Transmission Organizations and Electric Utilities: Revised Edition. (March 2011). Rogers, J.; Porter, K. This is an update of the December 2009 report, NREL/SR-550-46763.

The Value of Wind Power Forecasting. (April 2011). Lew, D.; Milligan, M.; Jordan, G.; Piwko, R. Presented at the 91st American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, the Second Conference on Weather, Climate, and the New Energy Economy, 26 January, 2011, Washington, DC.

Examples of Wind Energy Curtailment Practices. (July 2010). Rogers, J.; Fink, S.; Porter, K.

Development of an Equivalent Wind Plant Power-Curve. (June 2010). Wan, Y.H.; Ela, E.; Orwig, K.

Central Wind Power Forecasting Programs in North America by Regional Transmission Organizations and Electric Utilities. (December 2009). Porter, K.; Rogers, J.

Wind Energy Curtailment Case Studies. (October 2009). Fink, S.; Mudd, C.; Porter, K.; Morgenstern, B. 54 pp.

Summary Report of Wind Farm Data. (2009). Wan, Y. 13 pp.

Impact of Energy Imbalance Tariff on Wind Energy. (2007). Wan, Y.; Milligan, M.; Kirby, B. 13 pp.

Impact of Wind Energy on Hourly Load Following Requirements: An Hourly and Seasonal Analysis; Preprint. (2005). Krich, A.; Milligan, M. 20 pp.

Primer on Wind Power for Utility Applications. (2005). Wan, Y. 45 pp.

Wind Power Plant Behaviors: Analyses of Long-Term Wind Power Data. (2004). Wan, Y. H. 66 pp.

Short-Term Power Fluctuations of Large Wind Power Plants: Preprint. (2002). Wan, Y.; Bucaneg, D. 10 pp.

Wind Power for Municipal Utilities. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Brochure. (2002), 6 pp.

Wind Farm Power Fluctuations, Ancillary Services, and System Operating Impact Analysis Activities in the United States: Preprint. (2001). Parsons, B. K.; Wan, Y.; Kirby, B. 9 pp.

Wind Power Plant Monitoring Project Annual Report. (2001). Wan, Y. H. 50 pp.

Short-Term Output Variations in Wind Farms — Implications for Ancillary Services in the United States: Preprint. (2000). Cadogan, J.; Milligan, M.; Wan, Y.; Kirby, B., 10 pp.

Analysis of Wind Power Ancillary Services Characteristics with German 250-MW Wind Data. (1999). Ernst, B. 38 pp.

Short-Term Power Fluctuation of Wind Turbines: Analyzing Data from the German 250-MW Measurement Program from the Ancillary Services Viewpoint. (1999). Ernst, B.; Wan, Y. H.; Kirby, B. 12 pp.

Wind Forecasting Objectives for Utility Schedulers and Energy Traders. (1998). Schwartz, M. N.; Bailey, B. H. 7 pp. Contact Bruce Green for a hard copy.

Integration of Climatic Data Sets for Wind Resource Assessment. (1997). Schwartz, M. N.; Elliott, D. L. 7 pp. Contact Bruce Green for a hard copy.

Operating Reserves and Variable Generation. (August 2011). Milligan, M.; Kirby, B. This report first generalizes the requirements of the power system as it relates to the needs of operating reserves. It also includes a survey of operating reserves and how they are managed internationally in system operations today and then how new studies and research are proposing they may be managed in the future with higher penetrations of variable generation.

Advanced Unit Commitment Strategies in the United States Eastern Interconnection. (August 2011). Meibom, P.; Larsen, H.V.; Barth, R.; Brand, H.; Tuohy, A.; Ela, E. This project sought to evaluate the impacts of high wind penetrations on the U.S. Eastern Interconnection and analyze how different unit commitment strategies may affect these impacts.

The Impact of High Wind Power Penetrations on Hydroelectric Unit Operations in the WWSIS. (July 2011). Hodge, B-M.; Lew, D.; Milligan, M. This report examines the impact of this large amount of wind penetration on hydroelectric unit operations. Changes in hydroelectric unit operating patterns are examined both for an aggregation of all hydro generators and for select individual plants.

Cost-Causation and Integration Cost Analysis for Variable Generation. (June 2011). Milligan, M.; Ela, E.; Hodge, B-M; Kirby, B.; Lew, D.; Clark, C.; DeCesaro, J. Lynn, K. This report examines how wind and solar integration studies have evolved, what analysis techniques work, what common mistakes are still made, what improvements are likely to be made in the near future, and why calculating integration costs is such a difficult problem and should be undertaken carefully, if at all.

Evolution of Operating Reserve Determination in Wind Power Integration Studies. (March 2011). Ela, E.; Milligan, M.; Kirby, B.; Lannoye, E.; Flynn, D.; O'Malley, M.; Zavadil, B. Presented at the 2010 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 25-29 July, 2010, Minneapolis, Minnesota. This paper describes different assumptions and methods utilized to calculate the amount of different types of reserves carried, and how these methods have evolved as more studies have been performed.

Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project. (February 2011). Woodford, D.

Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project. (February 2011). Woodford, D.

How Do High Levels of Wind and Solar Impact the Grid? The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study. (December 2010). Lew, D.; Piwko, D.; Miller, N.; Jordan, G.; Clark, K.; Freeman, L. This paper is a brief introduction to the scope of the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study, inputs and scenario development, and the key findings of the study.

Impact of High Solar Penetration in the Western Interconnection. (December 2010). Lew, D.; Miller, N.; Clark, K.; Jordan, G.; Gao, Z. This paper presents an overview of the variable characteristics of solar power, as well as the accompanying grid dynamic performance and operational economics for a system with significant solar generation. The paper shows results of economic operational simulations of a very high solar generation future for the western half of the United States.

Oahu Wind Integration And Transmission Study: Summary Report. (November 2010).

The Relationship Between Wind Generation and Balancing Energy Market Prices in ERCOT: 2007-2009. (November 2010). Nicholson, E.; Rogers, J.; Porter, K. This report attempts to measure the average marginal effects of wind generation on the balancing-energy market price in ERCOT with the help of econometric analysis.

Operating Reserves and Wind Power Integration: An International Comparison: Preprint. (October 2010). Milligan, M.; Donohoo, P.; Lew, D.; Ela, E.; Kirby, B.; Holttinen, H.; Lannoye, E.; Flynn, D.; O'Malley, M.; Miller, N.; Børre Eriksen, P.; Gøttig, A.; Rawn, B.; Gibescu, M.; Gómez Lázaro, E.; Robitaille, A.; Kamwa, I. To be presented at The 9th Annual International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants Conference Québec, Canada; 18-19 October, 2010. This paper provides a high-level international comparison of methods and key results from both operating practice and integration analysis, based on an informal International Energy Agency Task 25: Large-scale Wind Integration.

Providing Minute-to-Minute Regulation from Wind Plants: Preprint. (October 2010). Kirby, B.; Milligan, M.; Ela, E. To be presented at The 9th Annual International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems and Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plant Québec, Canada, 18-19 October, 2010. A previous analysis is extended in this paper using time series data from existing wind plants, system loads, and regulation and energy markets.

Advanced Unit Commitment Strategies for the U.S. Eastern Interconnection: Preprint. (October 2010). Ela, E.; Milligan, M.; Meibom, P.; Barth, R.; Tuohy, A. To be presented at The 9th Annual International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants, Québec, Canada 18-19 October, 2010. This paper outlines a study undertaken for the U.S. Eastern Interconnection in which different advanced unit commitment strategies were simulated for three different years to evaluate the benefits that may occur from using these strategies as an operational tool.

Benefit of Regional Energy Balancing Service on Wind Integration in the Western Interconnection of the United States. (October 2010). Milligan, M.; Kirby, B.; King, J.; Beuning, S. To be presented at the 9th Annual International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants, Québec, Canada, 18-19 October, 2010. This analysis indicates the extent to which pooled regional dispatch for matching generation to load mitigates the costs and improves associated reliability, particularly in scenarios with high penetration of variable output resources, such as wind.

Market Characteristics for Efficient Integration of Variable Generation in the Western Interconnection. (August 2010).

Combining Balancing Areas' Variability: Impacts on Wind Integration in the Western Interconnection. (July 2010). Presented at WindPower 2010, 23-26 May, 2010, Dallas, Texas.

Utilizing Load Response for Wind and Solar Integration and Power System Reliability. (July 2010). Presented at WindPower 2010, 23-26 May, 2010, Dallas, Texas.

Development of Regional Wind Resource and Wind Plant Output Datasets for the Hawaiian Islands. (July 2010).

Western Wind and Solar Integration Study. (May 2010).

Western Wind and Solar Integration Study: Executive Summary. (May 2010).

Development of Regional Wind Resource and Wind Plant Output Datasets. (2010). 3TIER created the Western Dataset with oversight and assistance from NREL. 3TIER has completed this final report describing the overall project detailing the modeling and inputs. Read more about the Western Wind Dataset.

Nebraska Statewide Wind Integration Study: Executive Summary. (March 2010). EnerNex Corporation; Ventyx; Nebraska Power Association.

Nebraska Statewide Wind Integration Study. (March 2010). EnerNex Corporation; Ventyx; Nebraska Power Association.

The Role of Energy Storage with Renewable Electricity Generation. (January 2010). Denholm, P.; Ela, E.; Kirby, B.; Milligan, M.

Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study. (January 2010).

Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study: Executive Summary and Project Overview. (January 2010).

Development of Eastern Regional Wind Resource and Wind Plant Output Datasets. (December 2009). Brower, M. AWS-Truewind created the Eastern Dataset with oversight and assistance from NREL. AWS-Truewind has completed this final report describing the overall project detailing the modeling and inputs. Read more about the Eastern Wind Dataset.

Wind Energy and Power System Operations: A Review of Wind Integration Studies to Date (December 2009). DeCesaro, J. and Porter, K. This paper provides an overview of the challenges associated with wind integration and summarizes the findings of the wind integration studies conducted over the course of the past five years.

Wind Plant Ramping Behavior. (December 2009). Ela, E.; Kemper, J.

Large-Scale Wind Integration Studies in the United States: Preliminary Results. (September 2009). Milligan, M.; Lew, D.; Corbus, D.; Piwko, R.; Miller, N.; Clark, K.; Jordan, G.; Freeman, L.; Zavadil, B.; Schuerger, M. To be presented at the 8th International Workshop on Large Scale Integration of Wind Power and on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Farms, 14-15 October 2009, Bremen, Germany.

Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study — Preliminary Findings. (September 2009). Corbus, D.; Milligan, M.; Ela, E.; Schuerger, M.; Zavadil, B. To be presented at the 8th International Workshop on Large Scale Integration of Wind Power and on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Farms, 14-15 October 2009, Bremen, Germany.

How do Wind and Solar Power Affect Grid Operations: The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study. (September 2009). Lew, D.; Milligan, M.; Jordan, G.; Freeman, L.; Miller, N.; Clark, K.; Piwko, R. To be presented at the 8th International Workshop on Large Scale Integration of Wind Power and on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Farms, 14-15 October 2009, Bremen, Germany.

Calculating Wind Integration Costs: Separating Wind Energy Value from Integration Cost Impacts. (July 2009). Milligan, M. and Kirby, B.

Capacity Requirements to Support Inter-Balancing Area Wind Delivery. (July 2009). Kirby, B. and Milligan, M.

Impact of Electric Industry Structure on High Wind Penetration Potential. (July 2009). Milligan, M.; Kirby, B.; Gramlich, R.; Goggin, M. The System Evaluation Tool Excel is a spreadsheet-based instrument for assessing how accommodating the structure of a balancing area or region is to the integration of large amounts of wind generation. It is especially useful in comparing regions or balancing areas. For more information, see page 22 of the report.

Analysis of Sub-Hourly Ramping Impacts of Wind Energy and Balancing Area Size; Preprint. (June 2008). Milligan, M.; Kirby, B. To be presented at WindPower 2008, 1-4 June 2008, Houston, Texas. 19 pp.

Do Wind Forecasts Make Good Generation Schedules?; Preprint. (June 2008). Dragoon, K.; Kirby, B.; Milligan, M. To be presented at WindPower 2008, 1-4 June 2008, Houston, Texas. 13 pp.

Impacts of Large Amounts of Wind Power on Design and Operation of Power Systems; Results of IEA Collaboration. (June 2008). Parsons, B. and Ela, E.; Holttinen, H.; Meibom, P.; Orths, A.; O'Malley, M.; Ummels, B.C.; Tande, J.O.; Estanqueiro, A.; Gomez, E.; Smith, J.C. 11 pp.

Facilitating Wind Development: The Importance of Electric Industry Structure. (May 2008). Kirby, B.; Milligan, M. 26 pp.

Utility Wind Integration and Operating Impact State of the Art. Smith, J.C.; Milligan, M.R.; DeMeo, E.A.; Parsons, B. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems; Vol. 22(3), August 2007; pp. 900-908.

Experience from Wind Integration in Some High Penetration Areas. Söder, L.; Hofmann, L.; Orths, A.; Holttinen, H.; Wan, Y. H. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion; Vol. 22(1), March 2007; pp. 4-12.

Advances in Insights and Methods for Wind Plant Integration. DeMeo, E.A.; Jordan, G.; Kalich, C.; King, J.; Milligan, M.R.; Murley, C.; Oakleaf, B.; Schuerger, M.J. IEEE Power & Energy Magazine; November/December 2007; pp. 59-67.

Regional Transmission Organizations and Wind Energy: A Happy Marriage or Divorce Proceedings?; Preprint. (2002). Parsons, B.; Porter, K. 14 pp.

Enumerative Technique for Modeling Wind Power Variations in Production Costing. (1997). Milligan, M. R.; Graham, M. S. 8 pp.

Integrating Renewable Energy Technologies in the Electric Supply Industry: A Risk Management Approach. (1997). Hoff, T. E. 83 pp.

A Flexible Power System Operations Simulation Model for Assessing Wind Integration: Preprint. (March 2011). Ela, E.; Milligan, M.; O'Malley, M. To be presented at the Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 24-29 July, 2011, Detroit, Michigan. In this paper, a model was developed to mimic operator behavior using a combination of security-constrained unit commitment, security-constrained economic dispatch, and automatic generation control programs.

ERCOT Event on February 26, 2008: Lessons Learned. (July 2008). Ela, E.; Kirby, B. 13 pp.

Wind Data Inputs for Regional Wind Integration Studies: Preprint. (March 2011). Lew, D.; Orwig, K.; Wan, Y.; Alonge, C.; Brower, M.; Frank, J.; Freeman, L.; Potter, C. To be presented at the Power & Energy Society Annual Meeting, 24-29 July, 2011, Detroit, Michigan. This paper examines the methodologies used to create these datasets, the pitfalls that may be encountered, and the tradeoffs between different methodological approaches.

Advancing Wind Integration Study Methodologies: Implications of Higher Levels of Wind. (July 2010). Milligan, M.; Ela, E.; Lew, D.; Corbus, D.; Wan, Y. Presented at WindPower 2010, 23-26, 2010, Dallas, Texas. The authors report on the evolution of techniques to better model high penetrations (generally, 20% or more energy penetration) of wind energy.

Status of Centralized Wind Power Forecasting in North America. (April 2010). Porter, K.; Rogers, J.

Using Economics to Determine the Efficient Curtailment of Wind Energy. (February 2009). Ela, E.

Creating the Dataset for the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study. (May 2008). Potter, C.W.; Lew, D.; McCaa, J.; Cheng, S.; Eichelberger, S.; Grimit, E. Presented at the 7th International Workshop on Large Scale Integration of Wind Power and on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Farms, 26-27 May, 2008, Madrid, Spain. 7 pp.

Impact of Balancing Areas Size, Obligation Sharing, and Ramping Capability on Wind Integration: Preprint. (2007). Milligan, M.; Kirby, B. 43 pp.

Cost-Causation-Based Tariffs for Wind Ancillary Service Impacts: Preprint. (2006). Kirby, B.; Milligan, M.; Wan, Y. 26 pp.

Method and Case Study for Estimating the Ramping Capability of a Control Area or Balancing Authority and Implications for Moderate or High Wind Penetration: Preprint 5. (2005). Kirby, B.; Milligan, M. 19 pp.

Assessing Wind Integration Costs with Dispatch Models: A Case Study of PacifiCorp; Preprint. (2003). Dragoon, K.; Milligan, M. 15 pp.

Modeling Utility-Scale Wind Power Plants, Part 1: Economics. (2000). Milligan, M. R. 39 pp.

Enumerated Probabilistic Simulation Technique and Case Study: Integrating Wind Power into Utility Production Cost Models. (1996). Milligan, M. R.; Graham, M. S. 19 pp.

Estimating the Economic Value of Wind Forecasting to Utilities. (1995). Milligan, M. R.; Miller, A. H.; Chapman, F. 12 pp.

Multi-Year Analysis of Renewable Energy Impacts in California: Results from the Renewable Portfolio Standards Integration Cost Analysis; Preprint 973. (2006). Milligan, M.; Shiu, H.; Kirby, B.; Jackson, K. 40 pp.

California RPS Integration Study: Phase I Summary and Results; Preprint 1.3. (2004). Milligan, M.; Kirby, B.; Jackson, K.; Shiu, H.; Makarov, Y.; Hawkins, D. 32 pp.

Best Practices in Grid Integration of Variable Wind Power: Summary of Recent US Case Study Results and Mitigation Measures. (May 2007). Smith, J. Charles (UWIG); Parsons, B.; (NREL), Acker, T.; (NAU), Milligan, M.; (NREL), Zavadil, R. (Enernex). Presented at EWEC '07, Milan, Italy.

Utility Wind Integration and Operating Impact — State of the Art. (2007). Smith, J. C.; Milligan, M. R.; DeMeo, E. A.; Parsons, B. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. Vol. 22(3), August 2007; pp. 900-908.

Grid Impacts of Wind Power Variability: Recent Assessments from a Variety of Utilities in the United States; Preprint (2006). Parsons, B.; Milligan, M.; Smith, J. C.; DeMeo, E.; Oakleaf, B.; Wolf, K.; Schuerger, M.; Zavadil, R.; Ahlstrom, M.; Nakafuji, D. Y. 16 pp.

Wind Power Impacts on Electric Power System Operating Costs: Summary and Perspective on Work to Date; Preprint. (2004). Smith, J. C.; DeMeo, E. A.; Parsons, B.; Milligan, M. 13 pp.

Grid Impacts of Wind Power: A Summary of Recent Studies in the United States; Preprint. (2003). Parsons, B.; Milligan, M.; Zavadil, B.; Brooks, D.; Kirby, B.; Dragoon, K.; Caldwell, J. 28 pp.

Wind Power Plant Enhancement with a Fault-Current Limiter: Preprint. (March 2011). Muljadi, E.; Gevorgian, V.; DeLaRosa, F. To be presented at the IEEE PES Annual Meeting, Detroit, Michigan, 24-29 July, 2011. This paper investigates the capability of a saturable core fault-current limiter to limit the short-circuit current of different types of wind turbine generators. Different faults are simulated to investigate the effectiveness of the fault-current limiter to limit the short-circuit current and to reduce transient torque during faults. Several cases will be considered to demonstrate the benefits of using fault-current limiters in unique situations.

Short-Circuit Modeling of a Wind Power Plant: Preprint. (March 2011). Muljadi, E. and Gevorgian, V. To be presented at the Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Detroit, Michigan, 24-29 July, 2011. This paper investigates the short-circuit behavior of a wind power plant for different types of wind turbines. Both the simplified models and detailed models are used in the simulations and both symmetrical faults and unsymmetrical faults are discussed.

Wind Power Plant Short Circuit Current Contribution for Different Fault and Wind Turbine Topologies: Preprint. (October 2010). Gevorgian, V.; Muljadi, E. To be presented at The 9th Annual International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants, Québec, Canada, 18-19 October, 2010. This paper presents simulation results for short circuit current contribution for different types of wind turbine generators obtained through transient and steady-state computer simulation software.

Short Circuit Current Contribution for Different Wind Turbine Generator Types. (March 2010). Muljadi, E; Gevorgian, V.; Samaan, N.; Li, J.; Pasupulati, S. To be presented at the IEEE Power and Energy Society 2010 General Meeting, 25-29 July, 2010, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 11 pp.

Method of Equivalencing for a Large Wind Power Plant with Multiple Turbine Representation: Preprint. (July 2008). Muljadi, E; Pasupulati, S.; Ellis, A.; Kosterov, D. Presented at the 2008 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 20-24 July, 2008, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 12 pp.

Fault Analysis at a Wind Power Plant for One Year of Observation. (July 2008). Muljadi, E.; Mills, Z.; Foster, R.; Conto, J.; Ellis, A. Presented at the 2008 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 20-24 July, 2008, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 10 pp.

Validation of Wind Power Plant Dynamic Models: Preprint. (July 2008). Muljadi, E.; Ellis, A. Presented at the 2008 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 20-24 July, 2008, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 9 pp.

Characteristics of Wind Turbines Under Normal and Fault Conditions: Preprint. (2007). Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P.; Parsons, B.; Ellis, A. 10 pp.

Analysis of Renewable-Energy Systems Using RPM-Sim Simulator. (2006). Bialasiewicz, J. T.; Muljadi. E. IEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. Vol. 53(4), August 2006; pp. 1137-1143. Contact Bruce Green for a hard copy.

Comparing Single and Multiple Turbine Representations in a Wind Farm Simulation: Preprint. (2006). Muljadi, E.; Parsons, B. 13 pp.

Model Validation at the 204 MW New Mexico Wind Energy Center: Preprint. (2006). Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P.; Ellis, A.; Mechenbier, J.; Hochheimer, J.; Young, R.; Miller, N.; Delmerico, R.; Zavadil, R.; Smith, J. C. 14 pp.

ERCOT's Dynamic Model of Wind Turbine Generators (Presentation). (2005). Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P.; Conto, J.; Donohoo, K. Windpower 2005 (Windpower 05) Conference and Exhibition (CD-ROM), 15-18 May 2005, Denver, Colorado. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; Content Management Corp. 8 pp. Contact Bruce Green for a hard copy.

Ride-Through Capability Predictions for Wind Power Plants in the ERCOT Network: Preprint. (2005). Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P.; Conto, J.; Donohoo, K. 11 pp. 2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 12-16 June 2005, San Francisco, California. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Vol. 1: pp. 72-79;

Self Excitation and Harmonics in Wind Power Generation: Preprint. (November 2004). Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P.; Romanowitz, H.; Yinger, R. To be presented at the 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada.

Dynamic Model for Wind Farm Power System. (2004). Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P. Global Windpower 2004 Conference Proceedings (CD-ROM), 28-31 March 2004, Chicago, Illinois. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; Omni Press 9 pp. Contact Bruce Green for a hard copy.

Power System Modules for Simulating Induction Generator Wind Turbines. (2004). Zinger, D.; Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, S. Global Windpower 2004 Conference Proceedings (CD-ROM), 28-31 March 2004, Chicago, Illinois. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; Omni Press 10 pp. Contact Bruce Green for a hard copy.

Wind Farm Power System Model Development: Preprint. (2004). Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P. 8 pp.

Dynamic Simulation of a Wind Farm with Variable Speed Wind Turbines. (2003). Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P. Collection of the 2003 ASME Wind Energy Symposium Technical Papers at the 41st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 6-9 January 2003, Reno, Nevada. New York: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. (AIAA) and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) pp. 367-376.

Short-Term Power Fluctuation of Wind Turbines: Analyzing Data from the German 250-MW Measurement Program from the Ancillary Services Viewpoint. (1999). Ernst, B.; Wan, Y. H.; Kirby, B. 12 pp.

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