Testing and Analysis to Advance R&D
NREL has capabilities and experts in measurements, characterization, reliability, engineering, scientific computing, and theory to support photovoltaic (PV) research and development (R&D) across a range of conversion technologies and scales. Conversion technologies include the primary areas of silicon, polycrystalline thin films (cadmium telluride [CdTe], copper indium gallium diselenide [CIGS]), III-V-based multijunctions, and organic PV. And scales of interest range from materials, to cells, modules, and systems.
Measurements and Characterization 
We provide a huge range of techniques for measuring and characterizing PV materials and cells within the following four primary areas. We can also develop new techniques and instrumentation, as needed.
Solar Resource and Grid Integration
We provide high-quality solar resource data for optimal system siting, which requires knowing the availability, magnitude, and variability of sunlight. In addition, our R&D is helping to increase the amount of solar-generated electricity being integrated into the power grid.
Performance and Reliability
We measure and analyze the operational performance of PV modules under a range of conditions. And we study the reliability of modules, either as a whole or by their components, such as encapsulants. Our testing can focus on a range of time scales.
Engineering
We also study PV at the system level. This support can incorporate module measurements and characterization, along with integrated system performance analysis. Our experts also develop testing procedures and performance standards, and validate various methods for rating PV energy output.
